Separation Anxiety

By Elizabeth Pantley, Author of Gentle Baby Care

My baby is only happy when I’m withinarm’s reach. If I dare to leave the room, she cries as if I’ve left thecountry! I can’t even so much as take a shower these days, let alone leave thehouse without her. My mother-in-law says it’s because I’ve spoiled her. Is sheright? Have I made her so clingy?

Nothing you’ve done has“made” your baby develop separation anxiety. It’s a perfectly normal andimportant developmental adaptation. Nearly all children experience separationanxiety between the ages of seven and 18 months. Some have more intensereactions than others, and for some, the stage lasts longer than others, butalmost all babies have it to some degree.

The development of separationanxiety demonstrates that your baby has formed a healthy, loving attachment toyou. It is a beautiful sign that your baby associates pleasure, comfort, andsecurity with your presence. It also indicates that your baby is developingintellectually (in other words, she’s smart!) She has learned that she can havean effect on her world when she makes her needs known, and she doesn’t have topassively accept a situation that makes her uncomfortable. She doesn’t knowenough about the world yet to understand that when you leave her you’ll alwayscome back. She also realizes that she is safest, happiest, and best cared forby you, so her reluctance to part makes perfect sense ¾ especially when viewed from a survival standpoint.Put another way: You are her source of nourishment, both physical andemotional; therefore, her attachment to you is her means of survival, and whenshe reaches a certain level of intellectual maturity, she realizes this.

This stage, like so manyothers in childhood, will pass. In time, your baby will learn that she canseparate from you, that you will return, and that everything will be okaybetween those two points in time. Much of this learning is based on trust,which, just as for every human being young or old, takes time to build.

How do I know if my babyhas separation anxiety?

Separation anxiety is prettyeasy to spot, and you’re probably reading this section because you’veidentified it in your baby. The following are behaviors typically demonstratedby a baby with normal separation anxiety:

• Clinginess
• Crying when a parent is out of sight
• Strong preference for only one parent
• Fear of strangers (Also see Stranger anxiety, page XX)
• Waking at night crying for a parent
• Easily comforted in a parent’s embrace

How you can help your babywith separation anxiety

• Allow your baby to be a baby. It’s perfectly okay — even wonderful — for your baby to be so attached to you and for her to desire your constant companionship. Congratulations, Mommy or Daddy: It’s evidence that the bond you’ve worked so hard to create is holding. So politely ignore those who tell you otherwise.
• Don’t worry about spoiling her with your love, since quite the opposite will happen. The more that you meet her attachment needs during babyhood, the more confident and secure she will grow up to be.
• Minimize separations when possible. It’s perfectly acceptable for now ¾ better, in fact ¾ to avoid those situations that would have you separate from your baby. All too soon, your baby will move past this phase and on to the next developmental milestone.

• Give your baby lessons in object permanence. As your baby learns that things continue to exist even when she can’t see them, she’ll feel better about letting you out of her sight. Games like peek-a-boo and hide-and-seek will help her understand this phenomenon.
• Practice with quick, safe separations. Throughout the day, create situations of brief separation. When you go into another room, whistle, sing, or talk to your baby so she knows you’re still there, even though she can’t see you.
• Don’t sneak away when you have to leave her. It may seem easier than dealing with a tearful goodbye, but it will just cause her constant worry that you’re going to disappear without warning at any given moment. The result? Even more clinginess, and diminished trust in your relationship.
• Tell your baby what to expect. If you are going to the store and leaving her at home with Grandma, explain where you are going and tell her when you’ll be back. Eventually, she’ll come to understand your explanations.
• Don’t rush the parting, but don’t prolong it, either. Give your baby ample time to process your leave-taking, but don’t drag it out and make it more painful for both of you.
• Express a positive attitude when leaving her. If you’re off to work, or an evening out, leave with a smile. Your baby will absorb your emotions, so if you’re nervous about leaving her, she’ll be nervous as well. Your confidence will help alleviate her fears.
• Leave your baby with familiar people. If you must leave your baby with a new caregiver, try to arrange a few visits when you’ll all be together before you leave the two of them alone for the first time.
• Invite distractions. If you’re leaving your baby with a caregiver or relative, encourage that person to get your baby involved with playtime as you leave. Say a quick good-bye and let your baby be distracted by an interesting activity.
• Allow your baby the separation that she initiates. If she crawls off to another room, don’t rush after her. Listen and peek, of course, to make sure that she’s safe, but let her know it’s fine for her to go off exploring on her own.
• Encourage her relationship with a special toy, if she seems to have one. These are called transitional objects or lovies. They can be a comfort to her when she’s separated from you. Many babies adopt blankets or soft toys as loveys, holding them to ease any pain of separation. The lovey becomes a friend and represents security in the face of change.
• Don’t take it personally. Many babies go through a stage of attaching themselves to one parent or the other. The other parent, as well as grandparents, siblings and friends can find this difficult to accept, but try to reassure them that it’s just a temporary and normal phase of development and with a little time and gentle patience it will pass.

Thisarticle is an excerpt from GentleBaby Care by Elizabeth Pantley. (McGraw-Hill, 2003)

Youare welcome to reprint this article on your website or in your newsletter,provided that you reprint the entire article, including the complete bylinewith author's name and book title. Please also send a link or copy to elizabeth@pantley.com. Thank you. Proud Mama To